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综合练习 1、Readingcomprehension 【260148】 Studies show that the worldin 2010 will be more crowded，more polluted and less stable ecologically（在生态方面）thanthe world we live in now．Visible ahead is serious stress involving population，resourcesand environment．Despite greater food output，people in the worldwill be poorer in many ways than they are today． For hundreds of millions of the extremelypoor，the outlook for food and other necessities of life will be no better．For many itwill be worse． While the economies of the developingcountries are expected to grow at a faster rate than those of theindustrialized nations，the total national product per head in most less developed countriesremains low．The existing gap between the rich and poor nations will furtherwiden． World food production is estimated toincrease by 90 percent from 1970 to 2010．Most of thatincrease goes to the countries that already have relatively higher per-headfood consumption（消费）．Meanwhile，per-head consumption of food in the developing countries willscarcely improve or will actually fall far below the present inadequate level．What isworse is prices for food are expected to double． As a result，many less developedcountries will have increasing difficulties meeting energy needs．For the onequarter of mankind that depends primarily on wood for fuel，the outlookis not hopeful． Regional water shortage will become moresevere．In the 1970-2010 period population growth will require twice as muchwater as it does today in nearly half the world．Still greaterincreases would be needed to improve standards of living．Developmentof new water supplies will become more costly． 1. According to the passage，in 2010while output of food will be greater，_____． A. people will have sufficientfood supplies B. the world resources willbecome more than enough C. in most developing countriespeople will have less food than they have today D. the living standards of theworld's population will improve greatly 2. According to the author，in 2010 for many poor people，_____． A. things will get even worse B. things will be a little better C. it will be necessary for themto improve their housing D. it will be impossible toobtain enough necessities of life 3. In the 1970-2010 period，the large proportion of global increase of food production goes_____． A. to 90 percent B. to developing countries C. to any country in the worldthat needs it D. to those countries thatalready have high per head consumption 4. How does the author predict the development of new water supplies inthe future？_____ A. Water shortage will occur insome regions only． B. Development of new watersupplies will be more expensive． C. The less developed countriesneed more water than the developed ones． D. The demand for water willdouble with the growing population． 5. Which of the following may best serve as the title of this passage？_____ A. The Future Problems in theWorld． B. Water and Air Pollution． C. Water and Food Shortages． D. Food Production andConsumption． 答案： CADBA 答案 2、Readingcomprehension 【260152】 Jungle country is notfriendly to man，but it is possible to survive there．You must have theright equipment and you must know a few important things about woodcraft． No one should go into the jungle withoutthe right equipment．You need lightweight clothing，a good knife，and acompass．Fishhooks and a line，a rifle and ammunition（弹药），matches in a waterproof container are necessary，too．So is amosquito net． In the jungle you can get hopelessly lostwithin five minutes after leaving a known landmark．That is whyyou should always carry a compass．In open country，during the day，you can tell which way to go by studying the sun．At night thestars are sure guides to direction．But in most placesthe jungle rooftop is so thick that it is impossible to see the sun or thestars． Keep alert．Watch the ground infront of you carefully．Stop and listen now and again．Avoid haste，and restoften．You will soon become exhausted if you set a fast pace in a hot andhumid place．A steady and even pace is wisest in the long run． Keep calm if you lose your way．Try todecide how long it has been since you were sure of your position．Cut marks onfour sides of a tree，so that you will be able to see them from any direction．Except in anemergency，never try to travel through the jungle at night． Whenever possible，it is wiseto follow streams and rivers that run in your general direction．This maygive you many extra miles of travel．But in the end itwill save time and energy．Nothing is more exhausting than hacking a trail cross-countrythrough unbroken jungle．Bamboo grows along the banks of many jungle streams．Since it ishollow and extremely strong，it makes a perfect raft． Mosquitoes and some other insects will bewith you all the time．The only defense against them is to wear the right kind of clothing．You shouldnever wear shorts in the jungle．Your trousers must be lightweight and long．The cuffs（裤管口）shouldbe tucked into your boot tops． Finding water that is safe to drink can bea problem．Many clear and fresh-looking streams and rivers carry deadly germs．Such watermust always be boiled before you drink it．Luckily，the junglehas many kinds of plants and vines that give water．Water fromalmost all plants is pure enough to drink．But stay away fromvines that have bitter or milky sap（树液）． Many jungle plants also provide food．Before yougo into the jungle，learn to recognize the varieties of plants that can be eaten．If youhaven't had a chance to do this，watch what kinds of fruit and nut the birds and monkeys choose．Such food isalmost always safe for man．When you see an animal in the jungle，you can be sure thatthe source of food is somewhere close by．That source may meanfor you a difference between going to sleep well - fed or hungry． Surviving in the jungle is a science．The junglepeople have become perfect in this science，and you can too．Learn as muchas you can about what to expect in the jungle．Make sure you havethe right equipment．Then no part of the jungle will seem unfriendly or frightening．In fact，you will beable to "live off" it for a long time． 1. For checking your position inthe jungle you should rely on _____． A. direction sense B. known landmarks C. the sun and stars D. a compass 2. In moving through the jungle you should _____． A. set a fairly rapid pace B. stop and rest often C. retrace your steps from time to time D. study the sun whenever you can 3. The author advises against traveling at night probably because _____． A. one tends to move too slowlyat night B. emergencies occur mostfrequently at night C. it is difficult to check yourposition then D. there is always a danger ofpanic in darkness 4. Following streams and rivers will help you to _____． A. save many extra miles oftravel B. keep away from dangerousanimals C. avoid crossing unbrokenstretches of jungle D. have a constant source ofdrinking water 5. The best way to be sure of enough food in the jungle is to _____． A. learn ahead of time whatplants can be eaten B. catch those animals otheranimals prey on C. travel only along streams andrivers D. watch the animals' eatinghabits 答案： DBCCA 答案 3、Readingcomprehension 【260146】 Many visitors finds thefast pace at which American people move very troubling．One's firstimpression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush．City peoplealways appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatientif they are delayed even for a brief moment． At first，this may seemunfriendly to you．But drivers will rush you；storekeepers will bein a hurry as they serve you；people will push past you as they walk along the street．You willmiss smiles，brief conversations with people as you shop or dine away from home．Do not thinkthat because Americans are in such a hurry they are unfriendly．Often，life is muchslower outside the big cities，as is true in other countries as well． Americans who live in cities such as NewYork，Chicago，or Los Angeles，often think that everyone is equally in a hurry to get things done；they expectothers to "push back"，just as city people do in Tokyo，Singapore or Paris，for example．But whenthey discover that you are a stranger，most Americansbecome quite kindly and will take great care to help you．Many of themfirst came to the city as strangers and they remember how frightening a newcity can be．If you need help or want to ask a question，choose afriendly looking person and say，"I am a stranger here．Can you help me？" Most people will stop，smile at you，and help youfind you way or answer your questions．But you must letthem know that you need help．Otherwise they are likely to pass you by，not noticingthat you are new to the city and in need of help．Occasionally，you may findsomeone too busy or perhaps too rushed to give you aid．If thishappens，do not be discouraged；just ask someone else．Most Americans enjoy helping a stranger． 1. Many people who first visitthe United States will find that _____． A. America is a highly developedcountry B. American city people seem tobe always in a rush C. the fast pace in American lifeoften causes much trouble D. Americans are impatient andunfriendly people 2. When the author says "You will miss smile"，he means_____． A. you will fail to notice thatAmericans are pleasant and happy B. you will be puzzled whyAmericans do not smile at you C. you will feel that Americansdo not seem very friendly D. you will find that Americansdon't have much sense of humor 3. In the author's opinion，_____． A. it is true that life in NewYork is much faster than that in any other city B. people living outside bigcities are lazy and miserable C. most American people enjoyliving in the suburbs of big cities D. those who are busy are notnecessarily unfriendly 4. The author mentions big cities such as Tokyo，Singaporeand Paris _____． A. to show that city people allover the world have a lot in common B. to let his readers be awarethat they are some of the world's biggest cities C. to illustrate their differencefrom American cities D. because they are some of thecities that attract visitors most 5. If you say to an American that you are a stranger there，mostprobably be will _____． A. offer his help B. stop smiling at you C. help you find the way D. reply that he is pleased tomeet you 答案： BCDAA 答案 4、Readingcomprehension 【260145】 Some people learn a secondlanguage easily．Other people have trouble learning a new language．How can youhelp yourself learn a new language，such as English？There areseveral steps to make learning English a little easier and more interesting． The first step is to feel positive aboutlearning English．If you believe that you can learn，you will learn．Be patient．You do nothave to understand everything all at once．It is natural tomake mistakes when you learn something new．We can learn fromour mistakes．In other words，do not worry about taking risks． The second step is to practice your English．For example，write adiary every day．You will get used to writing in English，and you willfeel comfortable expressing your ideas in English．After several weeks，you will seethat your writing is improving．In addition，you must speak English every day．You can practicewith your classmates outside class．You will all makemistakes，but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English． The third step is to keep a record of yourlanguage learning．You can write this in your diary．After each class，think aboutwhat you did．Did you answer a question correctly？Did you understandsomething the teacher explained？Perhaps the lesson was difficult，but you tried tounderstand it．Write these in your diary． You must be positive about learning Englishand believe that you can do it．It is important to practice every day and make a record of yourachievements．You will enjoy learning English，and you will havemore confidence in yourself． 1. In the author's opinion，the firstthing to remember is _____． A. to avoid making mistakes whenspeaking the language B. to spend more time using thenewly learned language C. to believe you have theability to learn a new language D. to learn the second languagewith the help of your teacher 2. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the thirdparagraph？_____ A. Everybody may make mistakeswhen learning． B. Keeping a diary will help youlearn better． C. Speaking should be emphasized． D. Practice makes perfect． 3. The main function of the third step is _____． A. to remind you of the mistakesyou made in class B. to help you think about yourlearning process C. to help you understand theteacher better D. to record how well you performin class 4. In the last paragraph，you are advised _____． A. to make a daily record ofanything you plan to do B. to enjoy learning Englishrather than any other languages C. to take a positive attitudetowards your language study D. to believe that you arecapable of doing anything you want to 5. What is the main idea of this passage？_____ A. There are ways to help youlearn a second language easily． B. Different people havedifferent ways to learn English． C. Language learners should writea learning diary． D. It is important to learn a newlanguage well． 答案： CDDCA 答案 5、Readingcomprehension 【260173】 You can improve yourchild's hearing memory considerably．Once his hearingmemory has been greatly improved，he'll be able to use and remember what he listens to in class．The successof these suggestions depends upon your ability to use your child's naturaldesire to get involved in games he finds simple and fun． A good way to begin is to read aloud asentence from a book suitable for your child's reading age．Then askyour youngster to repeat the sentence back to you correctly．Next，reread thesentence，leaving out a particular word．See if your childcan identify the word you left out．At the beginning useonly simple sentences．Gradually，increase the length of the sentences．Make sure you don'trush things along too quickly，or your child may become discouraged and tired of the game． Take your child shopping with you often．He's toremember a list of items you want to buy in the supermarket．At first，ask him toremember only a few things．Then，as he shows increased ability to remember，make thelist longer and longer．Praise him often and warmly when he shows increased ability toremember things．He'll become proud of his 'good' memory and will happily play thegame． Encourage your child to learn easy andshort poems．As his ability to do this becomes stronger，encouragehim to remember longer poems．Do the same with songs． 1. The suggestions will besuccessful if _____． A. you find simple and funny gamesfor your child B. you can stimulate your child'sinterest in the activity C. you force your child to getinvolved in more practice D. you improve your own hearingmemory first 2. The purpose of asking your child to repeat what you say is _____． A. to practice his pronunciation B. to develop his reading skills C. to help him remember what hehears D. to play a simple game he mayfind fun 3. The third paragraph mainly talks about_____． A. another way to improve yourchild's hearing memory B. how you should take your childshopping with you C. how to remember the items youwant to buy D. the way you help your child doshopping 4. The last sentence 'Do the same with songs' means you should encourageyour child to learn and remember _____． A. songs in the same way as hedoes with poems B. poems in the same way as hedoes with songs C. the poems and songs which are similar in meaning D. those songs that have the samemeaning as poems 5. Who are the supposed readers of this passage？_____ A. Children． B. Parents． C. Teachers． D. Psychologists． 答案： BCAAB 答案 6、Readingcomprehension 【260167】 Conflict，like stress，is a naturalphenomenon when people interact．Conflict in some form is always present；however，it is notalways negative．Conflict can be positive，for example，when you andyour colleagues try to select the best possible alternative to a problem．However，much moreattention is given to the negative aspects of conflict． Conflict occurs when we fear the unknown．This can bevery simple：someone says something in a tone of voice different from ourexpectations，which raises questions in our mind as to what the real meaning mightbe．Of course conflict can，and does，occur in much more serious circumstances． Your ability to detect and understandconflict will place you in a better position to control the situation．Conflict isoften categorized in three stages．Stage one is the day-to-day irritations（恼人的事）thatrequire minimal coping strategies．Stage one conflict is real but low in intensity．Theintensity can increase if irritations increase and no solution is found． Stage two is reached when the partiesbecome competitive．Each person protects his self-interest and fears loss of face．The win-loseattitude becomes integrated with the problem． Stage three is reached when the objectivechanges from wanting to win toward wanting to hurt the other party．This stagecan be explosive because other people are drawn into the conflict and sides arechosen．Problem solving is no longer a realistic method of resolution． By understanding the three stages ofconflict，it will be easier for you to handle the day-to-day situations towhich you are exposed．You will also be able to detect potential conflict between others inwhich you do not want to get involved． 1. Conflict is _____． A. paid attention to because itis negative B. only positive when occurringbetween colleagues C. universally present in humaninteractions D. similar to stress in everyaspect 2. Stage two conflict is different from stage one conflict in that _____． A. it is caused by daily disputes B. it is low in intensity C. it takes a form of competition D. it always leads to loss offace 3. The third stage can be explosive because _____． A. quarreling becomes inevitable B. it is not longer a conflictbetween two individuals C. people begin to hate eachother D. no solution is possible 4. The ability to identify conflict _____． A. can help you make good use ofconflict B. enables you to win everycompetition C. can prevent conflict fromoccurring D. can help you deal with thesituation better 5. The conflict between a student and his roommate caused by differentliving habits is an instance of _____． A. stage one conflict B. stage two conflict C. stgae three conflict D. None of the above． 答案： CCBDA 答案 7、Readingcomprehension 【260155】 No one knows for sure whybirds migrate（定期迁徙）．One theory of migration says that ancient birds of the northern partof the earth were forced southward during the ice age，when icecovered large parts of Europe，Asia and North America．As the ice melted，the birds came back to their homelands，spent the summer，and thenwent south again in winter．Gradually，these comings and goings became habits，and birds nowmigrate though much of the ice has gone． Another theory proposes that the ancienthome of all modern birds was the tropic areas．There they lived sowell that the region became overcrowded．Many species had tomove northward．During the summer，these birds found plenty of room and food．In winter，however，food becamescarce and they had to return to the south． A newer theory is that increasing daylightstimulates certain glands（腺）in the bird's body and prepares it for migration．Onescientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for twomonths to artificial daylight．Recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon asthey are set free．The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changesin the bird's body which take place under seasonal changes in the length ofdaylight． This theory would account for the fact thatnot all birds migrate at the same time．Each species seemsto have its own schedule．The theory would also account for the regular time and routes ofmigration．Birds arrive at a given place year after year．Unfavorableweather delays them only a few days．Total hours ofdaylight，rather than weather，start them on the way． How birds find their way to the same placeyear after year and why they follow their own particular route are stillmysteries．They evidently do not follow known landmarks（地面标志），formany young birds migrate alone without the help of experienced adults． 1. We can conclude from the firstparagraph that _____． A. during the ice age，the wholeeurope was covered with ice B. the south used to be thehomelands of all birds C. scientists can confidentlyexplain why birds migrate now D. migration of birds can beexplained by the change of ice on earth 2. The birds mentioned in the third paragraph fly north in midwinterbecause _____． A. they are specially trained bya scientist B. they are affected by seasonalchanges C. there is a change in theirbody temperature D. they are exposed to extradaylight 3. The phrase "account for"（line 2，para．4）mostprobably means _____． A. "indicate" B. "explain" C. "prove" D. "provide" 4. Which of the following can not be inferred from the passage? _____ A. Birds do not migrate at thesame time． B. Birds usually follow regularroutes of migration． C. Each species has a specialreason for migration． D. Birds migrate to their ownparticular places every year． 5. The best title for the passage is _____． A. "Different Accounts ofMigration" B. "Migration andWeather" C. "New Discovery of BirdMigration" D. "Routes of BirdMigration" 答案： DDBCA 答案 8、Readingcomprehension 【260158】 Each nation has its ownpeculiar character which distinguishes it from others．But thepeoples of the world have more points in common than points in which theydiffer．One type of person that is common in every country is the one whoalways tries to do as little as possible and to get as much as possible inreturn．His opposite，the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly necessaryand who is ready to accept what is offered in return，is rareeverywhere． Both these types are usually unconscious oftheir character．The man who avoids effort is always talking about his"rights"：he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant，easy life．The man whois always doing more than his share talks of "duties"：he feelsthat the individual is in debt to society，and not society tothe individual．As a result of their views，neither of these menthinks that he behaves at all strangely． The man who tries to do as little as he canis always full of excuses：if he has neglected to do something，it was because hehad a headache，or the weather was too hot - or too cold - or because he wasprevented by bad luck．At first，other people，such as his friends and his employer，generously accepthis stories；but soon they realize what kind of person he is．In the longrun he deceives only himself．When his friends become cool towards him and he fails to makeprogress in his job，he is surprised and hurt．He blames everyoneand everything except himself．He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him，and that heis being unjustly treated． 1. The central idea of Paragraph1 is that _____． A. each nation is peculiar enoughto enable us to distinguish it from others B. the peoples of the world areas alike as they are different C. the peoples of the world havemore similarities than differences D. those who do more than isstrictly necessary are common in every country 2. According to Paragraph 1，the man who doesmore than is required _____． A. is ready to accept what the societyoffers him B. expects nothing in return forhis work C. feels that he is under heavydebt D. thinks this makes his lifeeasy 3. Those who try to do as little as possible _____． A. envy others' good luck B. are good story-tellers C. supply false reasons for theirlack of responsibility D. think that their opposites owethem a pleasant life 4. The phrase "in the long run"（Paragraph 3）is closestin meaning to "_____"． A. in practice B. in the end C. in effect D. in no time 5. It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat _____． A. will be unjustly treated B. will cheat only themselveseventually C. will change their behavior D. will get surprised by theirown stories 答案： CACBB 答案 9、Readingcomprehension 【260147】 The government may controlprices when there is a problem such as rapidly increasing rents or a rise inthe cost of living．When the government controls prices，there is no longer anormal relationship between the price of a product and the quantity consumerswill buy．Government controls may help in an emergency（紧急情况）．However，someeconomists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long periodof time． In cities with rent control，the citygovernment sets the maximum rent that a landlord（房主）can charge for anapartment．Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who areliving in apartments．Their rent cannot increase；therefore，they are notin danger of losing their homes．However，the critics（批评者）say that after a long time，rent control mayhave negative effects．Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits．Therefore，they investin other businesses where they can increase their profits．They do notinvest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled．As a result，newapartments are not built．Many people who need apartments cannot find any．According tothe critics，the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in thecity． Economic theory predicts the results ofeconomic decisions such as decisions about rent control，pricecontrol and the minimum wage．The predictions may be correct only if other things are equal． Economists do not agree on some of thepredictions．They also do not agree on the value of different decisions．Someeconomists support a particular decision while others criticize it．Economistsdo agree，however，that there are no simple answers to economic questions． 1. According to Paragraph 1，pricecontrol _____． A. does more harm than good B. is good in every sense C. is necessary but harmful inthe long term D. should be avoided 2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _____． A. thanks to rent control，it would beeasier for many to find apartments B. landlords may take back theirapartments if the rent is too low C. the tighter the rent controlis，the fewer new apartments will be built D. landlords will not invest inother businesses after price control is approved by the government 3. Which of the following do all economists agree on？_____ A. Controls can have negativeeffects over a long period of time． B. The government must takemeasures to control rent increase． C. The maximum rent systemprotects people who don't have their own houses． D. Economic questions are difficult to deal with． 4. The attitude of the author to price control is _____． A. subjective B. objective C. indifferent D. supportive 5. The purpose of this passage is to _____． A. argue B. persuade C. analyze D. describe 答案： CCDBC 答案 10、Readingcomprehension 【260169】 The economic costs of noiseto society are several．Airports are currently operating at less than capacity because ofnoise regulations which restrict their hours of operation．For instance，atWashington's national airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 pm to 7 am．Otherairports restrict the use of certain runways．One estimate is thatnoise restrictions reduce possible airport use by 20 percent．Theprofitable cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions． In the case of airports，jet enginesmay be modified to reduce their noise level，or insulation（隔音）from airtraffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or theinsulation of buildings．One estimate is that ＄5.7 billion would be required to equip all existing jet engines withnoise control devices．However，considering the current state of the art，even takingthis step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values．Somecombination of methods is probably necessary． If all aircraft were made quieter by existingmethods，there would be a number of economic benefits．An increasein airport capacity would occur．Property values near airports might rise．Transportationcosts to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could belocated closer to population centers． Much research still needs to be done on theeconomic aspects of noise reduction and noise effects．Althoughsome of the effects of noise pollution are known，more must bediscovered about its effects on health，productivity，propertyvalues and the quality of life．Furthermore，the cost of noise pollution to the economy as a whole needs to beinvestigated． The public must be alerted to the dangersand economic costs of noise pollution so that people may make intelligentchoices and exert appropriate pressures． 1. There is no jet traffic atwashington's national airport from 11 pm to 7 am because _____． A. it is extremely dangerous tofly in the dark B. noise regulations restrict thehours of airport operation C. some of its runways are not ingood condition D. cargo planes producedisturbing noises 2. "The current state of the art"（in para．2）means _____． A. a developed sense of beauty B. the volumes of present-daytraffic C. the most recently developedtechnology D. insulation of air trafficnoise 3. Noise reduction could lead to _____． A. increased airport capacity B. lower property values C. effective modification ofexisting jet engines D. more transportation costs to and from airports 4. What is not mentioned in the passage？_____ A. Psychological strain． B. Handling capacity of cargo． C. Measures for noise reduction． D. Public pressures． 5. The author of the passage is concerned primarily with _____． A. the effects of noise on thequality of life B. the role of air trafficrestrictions C. the production of quieterengines D. the economic aspects of noisereduction 答案： BCAAD 答案 11、Readingcomprehension 【260142】 The word health can be usedin a number of ways．In the past，health only meant the absence of disease or illness．Today，though，health has abroader meaning．Health is the state of your well-being that includes how you feelphysically，mentally，and socially．Wellness is another term that describes this broader view of health．You canunderstand the need for a broader definition if you think about how health inyour life is different from health in your grandparents' lives． In 1900，the main causes ofdeath were diseases that were spread by bacteria（细菌）and viruses（病毒）．If youhad lived then，the danger of your dying from pneumonia（肺炎）wouldhave been three times greater than the danger of your dying from cancer． The diseases that were most common in 1900affected people of all ages．It is not surprising，then that around 1900，the emphasis of health was on freedom from illness．Today manyof the diseases that were common in 1900 can be prevented or cured by improvedmedicines and methods of sanitation（卫生）．Most diseasesnow are likely to occur later in life．You as a teenagerwill probably not have to think about the same threats to your health as yourgrandparents did． These improvements in health conditionsmean that not only can you now enjoy a better life，but you alsohave a greater chance of having a longer life．Controlling diseaseshas increased the life expectancy in the United States．Generally，people bornmore recently have higher life expectancies．Since 1900，the lifeexpectancy in the United States has increased by more than 27 years．It hasincreased from 47 years for those born in 1900 to 74 years 1981． 1. According to Paragraph 1，health andwellness _____． A. can be used interchangeably onall occasions B. are different in that thelatter has a broader sense C. had the same meaning in thepast D. both refer to the state ofyour well-being 2. Which of the following statements is true？_____ A. Diseases caused by bacteriaand viruses were incurable in 1900． B. Bacteria and viruses are themain causes of death today． C. Medicines for curing pneumoniawere not available in 1900． D. Pneumonia caused as manydeaths in 1900 as cancer does today． 3. "Life expectancy" in the last paragraph most probably means_____． A. the kind of life that a personmay expect to live B. the mode of life that a groupof people have lived C. the length of time that aperson or an animal has lived D. the length of time that peoplemay expect to live 4. On an average，people in America who were born in 1900 _____． A. had a life-span of 74 years B. lived a shorter but betterlife than those born later C. lived to 47 years of age D. lived 27 years longer thanthose born in 1981 5. The intended readers of the passage are _____． A. teenagers B. the diseased C. adults D. aged people 答案： DCDCA 答案 12、Readingcomprehension 【260159】 Generally speaking，the BritishIsles have a temperate（温和）climate，not an extreme one．The prevailing（盛行）winds over Britain are southwesterly ones．The weatherfrom day to day is variable，because it is controlled by depressions（低气压）from theAtlantic Ocean which，moving in a northeasterly or easterly direction，pass over ornear the British Isles．Occasionally during winter months，between earlyDecember and the middle of March，northern winds may sometimes prevail，bringing coldweather and snowfalls which may last for several days or even 2 or 3 weeks，but seldommore than that．The English spring is very changeable，with warm and colddays in between until June．After the first week of May，you can take offyour overcoats once and for all until the middle of October．But youcertainly have to keep your raincoats and umbrellas close at hand，in any case． There is always plenty of rain in Britainthe whole year round．As a rule，the month with the least rainfall is July．At best，out of the31 days of July，you might get 21 days of dry weather and sunshine．In July of1973，London did not see a single drop of rain，but that wasa rare exception．At that time，foreign tourists kept on asking the British where they had"imported" their sunshine from．Throughout theBritish Isles there is an annual rainfall of about 110 centimeters．Englandalone gets 89 centimeters annually of that British total．On average，May to Julyare the driest months in England，and November to early March the wettest．A period ofas long as 3 weeks without rain is exceptional and normally confined to limitedareas like the coasts of southwest England，Wales and the westcoast of Scotland．June and July are the months of longest sunlight：from about 4：30 a．m．to 10：00 p．m． 1. Which of the following is NOTTRUE of the climate in Britain? _____ A. Prevailing southwesterly winds． B. Variable weather from day today． C. Snowfalls lasting for 2-3weeks every winter． D. Warm and cold days in betweenin spring． 2. The depressions from the Atlantic Ocean moved _____． A. from the northeast to the west B. from the southwest to the east C. from the northwest to thesoutheast D. from the east to the southwest 3. The period that is both coldest and wettest in Britain is _____． A. between December and themiddle of March B. between early November andApril C. between November and earlyMarch D. between early December andearly March 4. A person who hates both rain and hot weather should choose to visitBritain in _____． A. May B. June C. July D. August 5. This passage is mainly about _____ in Britain． A. winds B. climate C. sunshine D. rainfall 答案： CBCBB 答案 综合练习 1、Readingcomprehension 【260174】 For a clearer picture ofwhat the student knows，most teachers use another kind of examination in addition toobjective tests．They use "essay" tests，which requirestudents to write long answers to broad，general questionssuch as the following："Mention several ways in which Benjamin Franklin has influencedthe thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world．" One advantage of the essay test is that itreduces the element of luck．The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess．Anotheradvantage is that it shows the examiner more about the student's ability to putfacts together into a meaningful whole．It should show howdeeply he has thought about the subject．Sometimes，though，essay testshave disadvantages，too．Some students are able to write rather good answers without reallyknowing much about the subject，while other students who actually know the material have troubleexpressing their ideas in the essay form． Besides，in an essay test thestudent's score may depend upon the examiner's feelings at the time of readingthe answer．If he is feeling tired or bored，the student mayreceive a lower score than he should．Another examinerreading the same answer might give it a much higher mark．Because ofthis，the objective test gives each student a fairer chance，and ofcourse it is easier and quicker to score． Whether an objective test or an essay testis used，problems arise．When some objective questions are used along with some essayquestions，however，a fairly clear picture of the student's knowledge can usually beobtained． 1. What have many been discussedin the previous paragraphs？_____ A. The essay test． B. How teachers test theirstudents． C. How students write their essays． D. The objective test． 2. The essay test is preferred because _____． A. it shows more about thestudent's understanding of the subject B. it tests the student'sknowledge of the material as well as his expression of ideas C. it gives each student a fairerchance D. its scoring may be influencedby the examiner's feelings 3. The word 'this'（line 4，para．3）refers to the fact that _____． A. students may receive a lowerscore in an essay test B. another examiner usually givesthe answer a higher mark C. different examiners may givethe same essay different scores D. the objective test gives eachstudent a fairer chance 4. According to the passage，which of thefollowing statements about the objective test is not true？_____ A. It is more objective than theessay test in terms of scoring． B. It allows the student to guessthe correct answer without really knowing the material． C. It shows the student's abilityto think about difficult problems． D. It is easy and quick to score． 5. According to the author，an ideal test should be _____． A. an objective test B. an essay test C. a combination of the two D. something new 答案： DACCC 答案 2、Readingcomprehension 【260173】 You can improve yourchild's hearing memory considerably．Once his hearingmemory has been greatly improved，he'll be able to use and remember what he listens to in class．The successof these suggestions depends upon your ability to use your child's naturaldesire to get involved in games he finds simple and fun． A good way to begin is to read aloud asentence from a book suitable for your child's reading age．Then askyour youngster to repeat the sentence back to you correctly．Next，reread thesentence，leaving out a particular word．See if your childcan identify the word you left out．At the beginning useonly simple sentences．Gradually，increase the length of the sentences．Make sure you don'trush things along too quickly，or your child may become discouraged and tired of the game． Take your child shopping with you often．He's toremember a list of items you want to buy in the supermarket．At first，ask him toremember only a few things．Then，as he shows increased ability to remember，make thelist longer and longer．Praise him often and warmly when he shows increased ability toremember things．He'll become proud of his 'good' memory and will happily play thegame． Encourage your child to learn easy andshort poems．As his ability to do this becomes stronger，encouragehim to remember longer poems．Do the same with songs． 1. The suggestions will besuccessful if _____． A. you find simple and funny gamesfor your child B. you can stimulate your child'sinterest in the activity C. you force your child to getinvolved in more practice D. you improve your own hearingmemory first 2. The purpose of asking your child to repeat what you say is _____． A. to practice his pronunciation B. to develop his reading skills C. to help him remember what hehears D. to play a simple game he mayfind fun 3. The third paragraph mainly talks about _____． A. another way to improve yourchild's hearing memory B. how you should take your childshopping with you C. how to remember the items youwant to buy D. the way you help your child doshopping 4. The last sentence 'Do the same with songs' means you should encourageyour child to learn and remember _____． A. songs in the same way as hedoes with poems B. poems in the same way as hedoes with songs C. the poems and songs which aresimilar in meaning D. those songs that have the samemeaning as poems 5. Who are the supposed readers of this passage？_____ A. Children． B. Parents． C. Teachers． D. Psychologists． 答案： BCAAB 答案 3、Readingcomprehension 【260143】 Bill Trew worked on thenight shift（夜班）in an old coal mine called Park Deep．Day and night 180miners worked underground there，more than 600 feet down．They all took theirshare of night work，but Bill always worked at night．He said he preferredit． One day he came home as usual at half pastseven in the morning．He had his 'Supper'，as he called it，and went to bed．An unusual dream troubled his sleep．Afterwards，the onlything he remembered about it was - a throbbing（跳动）blue light． Bill got up in the afternoon as usual．It was astrange getting up - because he could still see the blue light in front of hiseyes．As the evening grew darker，the light grewstronger．Bill got ready for the night shift．But by 8 o'clock theblue light was so bright that he could hardly see anything else．He and hiswife were very puzzled．Bill had never been sick before． "Don't go to work，" Mrs．Trew said．"If itisn't better by tomorrow，I'll have to send for the doctor．" Bill didn't go to work．He sat in anarmchair，awake but with closed eyes．Even then theblueness was like a living thing．It surrounded him，silent，throbbing．The family went to bed but Bill wasn't tired：he stayed inhis armchair． At 11 o'clock a long，loudexplosion shook the ground．Bill opened his eyes and jumped to his feet．The bluelight was gone！He rushed outside．Someone shouted，"Gas！Gas in Park Deep！Oh pity the night shift！" The gas explosion killed 179 men in ParkDeep．The mine was destroyed forever．The bodies remain tothis day in their deep grave．And Bill Trew has never stopped wondering the blue light：why did itmake him the only man unfit for work that night？ 1. Which statement is FALSEaccording to Paragraph 1？_____ A. Park Deep was 6,000 feet downunderground． B. 180 people were in Park Deepevery day and night． C. All miners had to work everynight． D. Bill Trew preferred to work onnight shift． 2. Which statement is TRUE about Bill Trew？_____ A. Bill had an unusual dream onenight． B. Bill saw a throbbing bluelight in his dream． C. Bill was sick and had to sendfor a doctor． D. Bill planned to go to workwith closed eyes． 3. The blueness _____． A. was gone when he closed hiseyes B. became alive at 11 o'clock C. grew brighter as the day grewdarker D. enabled Bill to see clearly inthe evening 4. The purpose of the last paragraph is to stress _____． A. how the explosion killed 179miners B. what happened in the deepgrave C. why Bill didn't go to workthat night D. how the strange blue lightsaved Bill's life 5. A good title for this passage would be "_____"． A. A Warning B. Bill's Night Shift C. An Explosion D. Park Deep 答案： AACDA 答案 4、Readingcomprehension 【260158】 Each nation has its ownpeculiar character which distinguishes it from others．But thepeoples of the world have more points in common than points in which they differ．One type ofperson that is common in every country is the one who always tries to do aslittle as possible and to get as much as possible in return．His opposite，the man whois in the habit of doing more than is strictly necessary and who is ready toaccept what is offered in return，is rare everywhere． Both these types are usually unconscious oftheir character．The man who avoids effort is always talking about his"rights"：he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant，easy life．The man whois always doing more than his share talks of "duties"：he feelsthat the individual is in debt to society，and not society tothe individual．As a result of their views，neither of these menthinks that he behaves at all strangely． The man who tries to do as little as he canis always full of excuses：if he has neglected to do something，it was because hehad a headache，or the weather was too hot - or too cold - or because he wasprevented by bad luck．At first，other people，such as his friends and his employer，generously accepthis stories；but soon they realize what kind of person he is．In the longrun he deceives only himself．When his friends become cool towards him and he fails to makeprogress in his job，he is surprised and hurt．He blames everyoneand everything except himself．He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him，and that heis being unjustly treated． 1. The central idea of Paragraph1 is that _____． A. each nation is peculiar enoughto enable us to distinguish it from others B. the peoples of the world areas alike as they are different C. the peoples of the world havemore similarities than differences D. those who do more than isstrictly necessary are common in every country 2. According to Paragraph 1，the man who doesmore than is required _____． A. is ready to accept what thesociety offers him B. expects nothing in return forhis work C. feels that he is under heavydebt D. thinks this makes his lifeeasy 3. Those who try to do as little as possible _____． A. envy others' good luck B. are good story-tellers C. supply false reasons for theirlack of responsibility D. think that their opposites owethem a pleasant life 4. The phrase "in the long run"（Paragraph 3）is closestin meaning to "_____"． A. in practice B. in the end C. in effect D. in no time 5. It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat _____． A. will be unjustly treated B. will cheat only themselveseventually C. will change their behavior D. will get surprised by theirown stories 答案： CACBB 答案 5、Readingcomprehension 【260150】 Most Americans would have adifficult time telling you，specifically，what the values are which Americans live by．They havenever given the matter any thought． Over the years I have introduced thousandsof international visitors to life in the United States．This hascaused me to try to look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors．I amconfident that the values listed in this booklet describe most（but not all）Americans，and thatunderstanding these values can help you，the internationalvisitor，understand Americans． It is my belief that if foreign visitorsreally understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans，they willthen be able to understand 95% of American actions - actions which mightotherwise appear "strange，" "confusing，" or "unbelievable" when evaluated from the perspectiveof the foreigner's own society and its values． The different behaviors of a people or aculture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs，assumptionsand values of that particular group．When you encounterand action，or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you，try to seeit as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet． 1. Can an ordinary American tellyou his/her value system？_____ A. Yes，because thisis something an American lives by． B. No，because everyonewill have his/her own system． C. No，becausehe/she has never thought about it． D. Yes，becausevalues are something often in their thought． 2. The author lists 13 values in his booklet to _____． A. invite foreigners to visitAmerica B. look at Americans through theeyes of foreign visitors C. describe the confusing actionsof most Americans D. help international visitorsunderstand Americans 3. The word "ingrained" in Line 2，Paragraph 3most probably means _____． A. rooted in the minds B. found in the grains C. planted for food D. prepared with grain 4. Visitors sometimes find Americans behave in a strange，confusing orunbelievable way，probably because _____． A. Americans are hard tounderstand B. Americans have values whichare entirely different from their own C. they view Americans accordingto the values in their own society D. it is difficult to understandany people when you first encounter them 5. How can you understand a surprising behavior or statement of anAmerican when you visit the United States？_____ A. By linking it to the basicbeliefs，assumptions and values of the Americans． B. By comparing it with thevalues of yourself and your country． C. By expressing one or more ofthe values in this booklet． D. By looking at the particulargroup of people who behave or speak that way． 答案： CDACA 答案 6、Readingcomprehension 【260164】 Dr．kimsma，from theNetherlands，believes that euthanasia（安乐死）is not simply aquestion of ending someone's life．The important thing is how that person's life ends．If someonechooses euthanasia，he doesn't have to think about the worry and the suffering only．He can alsofocus on the things he really wants to do，such as taking alast trip，or making up a fight with someone in the family，or sayinggoodbye．The pressure on that person becomes lighter when he knows he won'thave to go on suffering long．Often，people who have chosen euthanasia have such peace of mind that theydie naturally． Dr．Kimsma visits hispatients every day in the final period of their lives，usually attheir home，where most people prefer to die．He talks to them oftenabout various treatments and ways to relieve their pain，so that theyknow about all the choices，not just euthanasia．"If I ended the life of a patient because I had not given himgood care，I would feel ashamed and guilty，" he said． Dr．Kimsma admits that inthe case of euthanasia there is a conflict between his goals as a doctor：saving lifeand helping those who are suffering．He believes thathelping people is the morally right thing to do．"My patientscan be sure that I will not let them suffer unnecessarily alone．That is justmy goal and duty as a physician．" However，he thinks thateuthanasia should never be easy for a doctor，or for a person'sfamily，so that people do not begin to think of it as something ordinary．He says hecan only continue to perform euthanasia because it is something that happensvery rarely． In 1996 the government of Australia'sNorthern Territory passed a law allowing voluntary（自愿的）euthanasia．PeterRavenscroft，a medical professor in Australia，suggests that thislaw was passed because very little care is available for patients beyond curein the Northern Territory of Australia． Dr．Ravenscroft holdsthat euthanasia is wrong．He believes that when people have an incurable illness，they shouldbe given care that lessens their pain and suffering and helps them to feel lessafraid．He says that such care should improve the quality of a person's life，even in thevery last part of his life，without bringing death．Dr．Ravenscroft suggests that a patient should be given a drug to helphim sleep for the last few days of his life，if nothing else willhelp him． Ravenscroft says，"Ivalue sitting with dying patients or holding their hands．It remindsme that life is a great mystery and we all share the characteristics of beinghuman．We take part in all of life including dying，but we arenot masters of it．" If euthanasia is legal，it may beeasier to choose death instead of continuing to look for a better treatment．Ravenscrofthas had patients who lived much longer than they were expected to live，and otherpatients whose pain suddenly became less．If euthanasia hadbeen available，they might have died too soon． Ravenscroft has another reason for notmaking euthanasia legal．He fears that people can be persuaded to choose euthanasia when theydo not really want to．He thinks it is unlikely that any law can stop this from happening． 1. Which of the following is NOTDr．Kimsma's opinion？_____ A. People may die peacefully ineuthanasia because they feel less pressure． B. Euthanasia allows people tofocus on important personal things in the last phase of their lives． C. It is wrong to give up lookingfor a better treatment for an incurable disease． D. It is wrong to let a patientsuffer when the disease is beyond cure． 2. According to Dr．Kimsma，when the two goals of a doctor conflict，_____． A. saving life of those who aresick should come first B. helping people who aresuffering should come first C. it is up to his patient tomake a decision D. the solution varies accordingto the situation 3. Dr Ravescroft is against euthanasia．One of his reasonsis that _____． A. nobody really wants to end hisown life B. saving life is the only goalfor a doctor C. care given to people havingincurable diseases can prolong their lives D. people can be givenpainkillers and drugs to make them suffer less 4. By "we are not masters of it [life]，" DrRavenscroft means _____． A. we have no right to end aperson's life B. we can never tell what willhappen to us C. life is as mysterious as death D. life is always beyond ourknowledge 5. Doctors Ravenscroft and Kimsma have opposite views on euthanasia，but many oftheir concerns are similar．They agree that _____． A. life should be respected morethan anything else in the world B. euthanasia should not be seenas an easy answer to incurable diseases C. people cannot know for surethat their pain will not get better D. the policy on euthanasia willdepend on the development of medicine 答案： CBCDA 答案 7、Readingcomprehension 【260157】 In the United States，it isimportant to be on time，or punctual，for an appointment，a class，a meeting，etc．However，this may not be true in all countries．An Americanprofessor discovered this difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian（巴西的）university．The two-hourclass was scheduled to begin at 10 A．M．and end at12．On the first day．When the professor arrived on time，no one was in theclassroom．Many students came after 10 A．M．Severalarrived after 10：30 A．M．Two students came after 11 A．M．Although allthe students greeted the professor as they arrived，fewapologized（道歉）for their lateness．Were these students being rude？He decided to studythe students' behavior． The professor talked to American andBrazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation：at a lunchwith a friend and in a university calls，respectively．He gave theman example and asked them how they would react．If they had a lunchappointment with a friend，the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes afterthe agreed time．On the other hand，the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33minutes． In an American university，students areexpected to arrive at the appointed hour．In contrast，in Brazil，neither theteacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour．Classes notonly begin at the scheduled time in the United States，but also endat the scheduled time．In the Brazilian class，only a few students left the class at 12：00；manyremained past 12：30 to discuss the class and ask more questions．Whilearriving late may not be very important in Brazil，neither is stayinglate． 1. The word "punctual"most probably means "_____"． A. leaving soon after class B. coming early C. arriving a few minutes late D. being on time 2. Why did the professor study the Brazilian students' behavior？_____ A. He felt puzzled at thestudents' being late． B. He felt angry at the students'rudeness． C. He wanted to make the studentscome on time later． D. He wanted to collect data forone of his studies． 3. It can be inferred from the professor's study of lateness in theinformal situation that _____． A. American students will becomeimpatient if their friend is five minutes late B. neither Brazilian nor Americanstudents like being late in social gatherings C. being late in one culture maynot be considered so in another culture D. Brazilian students will notcome thirty-three minutes after the agreed time 4. From the last paragraph we know that in Brazil _____． A. it is important to arrive atthe appointed time B. it is rude to keep theprofessor staying after calls C. it is normal for students toleave during lectures D. it is acceptable for professors to be late for class 5. What is the main idea of this passage？_____ A. It is important to be on timefor class in the United States． B. The importance of being ontime differs among cultures． C. People learn the importance oftime from the culture they are in． D. Students being late for classshould explain the reason to their teacher． 答案： DACDB 答案 8、Readingcomprehension 【260162】 Trademarks（商标）identifyand distinguish the products of one business firm from those of another．It mayinclude a word，a sentence，a name，a symbol，a picture，or any combination of these．Trademarks must beattached directly to the product．Many trademarks contain the name of the owner of the business．Butmanufacturers often use some word to describe the qualities of the product，or make up aword．The spoken part of a trademark is called the brand name． Trademarks provide a simple way for peopleto determine who is responsible for a particular item．They alsohelp people identify the brands they liked in the past so they may purchasethem again．Manufacturers use trademarks to promote the sale of their goods． Service marks also identify goods andservices．They do not have to be attached to a product．Companiesthat provide services to the public，such astransportation companies，use these marks to advertise their services．For example，a blue signwith a bell，the symbol of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company，tells everypasser-by that a public telephone is available for use． Laws to protect the rights of the trademarkowner were developed in the early 1800's．Most countries nowprovide for regulation and registration of trademarks．An importantprotection for trademark rights is federal（联邦的）registration．In 1905，the U．S．Congresspassed the first federal law on trademark registration to be heldconstitutional． 1. What may NOT be included in atrademark as mentioned in the first paragraph？_____ A. A nice picture． B. A meaningful symbol． C. A national flag． D. A person's name． 2. We learn from the second paragraph that trademarks are useful in that_____． A. they help manufacturers tocontrol the prices of their products B. they offer people theinformation about market in a simple way C. they make customers aware oftheir own responsibility for the items D. they enable customers topurchase the goods they prefer 3. The word "promote" in the last sentence，paragraph 2，probablymeans "_____"． A. to give higher position orrank B. to try to increase thepopularity C. to keep safe from harm ordanger D. to make a promise 4. According to the third paragraph，a blue sign with abell _____． A. is not a trademark but asymbol B. is a trademark oftransportation C. stands for a kind of service D. stands for a road map 5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？_____ A. Trademarks must be attached toall products． B. Service marks not onlyidentify products but also help to advertise services． C. Laws to protect trademarkowners were probably developed between 1801-1810． D. Local registration is the onlyprotection for trademark rights． 答案： CDBCB 答案 9、Readingcomprehension 【260171】 You may have the businessqualifications（合格证明）．You have an excellent record of good education and work experience．However，without goodbusiness manners you will not succeed． Treating people with respect should besecond nature to you．It helps you get on well with the people you work with and with yourbosses．It always pays to be polite．Here are some tipsto help improve your business manners． If you are behind schedule，remember totake the time to contact your next appointment so that the person you are dueto meet is aware of the delay．If necessary，you should rearrange the meeting for a more convenient time． Try not to leave any caller on hold for toolong．It is better to tell someone you will call back when you are free．Be sure toreturn calls as soon as you can．If you cannot return the call immediately，apologize（道歉）to thecaller for the delay． Try to respond to letters within a set time．Keep arecord of requests for reply within a certain time．Make a notein your diary of other deadlines（最后期限）for your work．If you are unable to respond quickly，write a short letterto the other person to explain the delay and tell him when you will reply． If you want to take a customer or abusiness friend out for lunch，you had better choose the restaurant and let your guest choose thetime． You may think that you are not being paidas much as you should be．Do not discuss the matter with your colleagues．A good wayis to contact an employment agency to find out the "going rate"．Armed withthis objective information，you can discuss your salary with your boss． 1. What does the author emphasizefor a person's success in business？_____ A. Business qualifications． B. An excellent record ofeducation． C. Work experience． D. Business manners． 2. What does the author mean by saying "It pays to be polite"？_____ A. You must be paid more money tobe polite． B. You have to pay for yourtraining to be polite． C. To be polite will eventuallybenefit you． D. Customers pay for your beingpolite． 3. The word "tip" used in sentence 4，paragraph 2，refers to_____． A. a useful hint or idea B. apointed end of anything C. a piece of secret information D. a small amount of money givenin return for a service 4. When you know you are going to be late for an appointment，you should_____． A. inform the person you'remeeting of your delay B. leave the person a messagetelling him not to wait long C. tell the person to postponethe meeting D. apologize for taking the otherperson's time 5. If you think you are underpaid，it is suggested thatyou _____． A. go directly to your boss anddiscuss the matter frankly B. ask your colleagues secretlyhow much they earn C. go to an employment agent tolook for another job D. get objective informationabout the job market first 答案： DCAAD 答案 10、Readingcomprehension 【260152】 Jungle country is notfriendly to man，but it is possible to survive there．You must have theright equipment and you must know a few important things about woodcraft． No one should go into the jungle withoutthe right equipment．You need lightweight clothing，a good knife，and acompass．Fishhooks and a line，a rifle and ammunition（弹药），matches in a waterproof container are necessary，too．So is amosquito net． In the jungle you can get hopelessly lostwithin five minutes after leaving a known landmark．That is whyyou should always carry a compass．In open country，during the day，you can tell which way to go by studying the sun．At night thestars are sure guides to direction．But in most placesthe jungle rooftop is so thick that it is impossible to see the sun or thestars． Keep alert．Watch the ground infront of you carefully．Stop and listen now and again．Avoid haste，and restoften．You will soon become exhausted if you set a fast pace in a hot andhumid place．A steady and even pace is wisest in the long run． Keep calm if you lose your way．Try todecide how long it has been since you were sure of your position．Cut marks onfour sides of a tree，so that you will be able to see them from any direction．Except in anemergency，never try to travel through the jungle at night． Whenever possible，it is wiseto follow streams and rivers that run in your general direction．This maygive you many extra miles of travel．But in the end itwill save time and energy．Nothing is more exhausting than hacking a trail cross-countrythrough unbroken jungle．Bamboo grows along the banks of many jungle streams．Since it ishollow and extremely strong，it makes a perfect raft． Mosquitoes and some other insects will bewith you all the time．The only defense against them is to wear the right kind of clothing．You shouldnever wear shorts in the jungle．Your trousers must be lightweight and long．The cuffs（裤管口）shouldbe tucked into your boot tops． Finding water that is safe to drink can bea problem．Many clear and fresh-looking streams and rivers carry deadly germs．Such watermust always be boiled before you drink it．Luckily，the junglehas many kinds of plants and vines that give water．Water from almostall plants is pure enough to drink．But stay away fromvines that have bitter or milky sap（树液）． Many jungle plants also provide food．Before yougo into the jungle，learn to recognize the varieties of plants that can be eaten．If youhaven't had a chance to do this，watch what kinds of fruit and nut the birds and monkeys choose．Such food isalmost always safe for man．When you see an animal in the jungle，you can be sure thatthe source of food is somewhere close by．That source may meanfor you a difference between going to sleep well - fed or hungry． Surviving in the jungle is a science．The junglepeople have become perfect in this science，and you can too．Learn asmuch as you can about what to expect in the jungle．Make sureyou have the right equipment．Then no part of the jungle will seem unfriendly or frightening．In fact，you will beable to "live off" it for a long time． 1. For checking your position inthe jungle you should rely on _____． A. direction sense B. known landmarks C. the sun and stars D. a compass 2. In moving through the jungle you should _____． A. set a fairly rapid pace B. stop and rest often C. retrace your steps from timeto time D. study the sun whenever you can 3. The author advises against traveling atnight probably because _____． A. one tends to move too slowlyat night B. emergencies occur mostfrequently at night C. it is difficult to check yourposition then D. there is always a danger ofpanic in darkness 4. Following streams and rivers will help you to _____． A. save many extra miles oftravel B. keep away from dangerousanimals C. avoid crossing unbrokenstretches of jungle D. have a constant source ofdrinking water 5. The best way to be sure of enough food in the jungle is to _____． A. learn ahead of time whatplants can be eaten B. catch those animals otheranimals prey on C. travel only along streams andrivers D. watch the animals' eatinghabits 答案： DBCCA 答案 11、Readingcomprehension 【260147】 The government may controlprices when there is a problem such as rapidly increasing rents or a rise inthe cost of living．When the government controls prices，there is no longer anormal relationship between the price of a product and the quantity consumerswill buy．Government controls may help in an emergency（紧急情况）．However，someeconomists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long periodof time． In cities with rent control，the citygovernment sets the maximum rent that a landlord（房主）can charge for anapartment．Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who areliving in apartments．Their rent cannot increase；therefore，they are notin danger of losing their homes．However，the critics（批评者）say that after a long time，rent control mayhave negative effects．Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits．Therefore，they investin other businesses where they can increase their profits．They do notinvest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled．As a result，newapartments are not built．Many people who need apartments cannot find any．According tothe critics，the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in thecity． Economic theory predicts the results ofeconomic decisions such as decisions about rent control，pricecontrol and the minimum wage．The predictions may be correct only if other things are equal． Economists do not agree on some of thepredictions．They also do not agree on the value of different decisions．Someeconomists support a particular decision while others criticize it．Economistsdo agree，however，that there are no simple answers to economic questions． 1. According to Paragraph 1，pricecontrol _____． A. does more harm than good B. is good in every sense C. is necessary but harmful inthe long term D. should be avoided 2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _____． A. thanks to rent control，it would beeasier for many to find apartments B. landlords may take back theirapartments if the rent is too low C. the tighter the rent controlis，the fewer new apartments will be built D. landlords will not invest inother businesses after price control is approved by the government 3. Which of the following do all economists agree on？_____ A. Controls can have negativeeffects over a long period of time． B. The government must takemeasures to control rent increase． C. The maximum rent systemprotects people who don't have their own houses． D. Economic questions aredifficult to deal with． 4. The attitude of the author to price control is _____． A. subjective B. objective C. indifferent D. supportive 5. The purpose of this passage is to _____． A. argue B. persuade C. analyze D. describe 答案： CCDBC 答案 12、Reading comprehension 【260146】 Many visitors finds thefast pace at which American people move very troubling．One's firstimpression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush．City peoplealways appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatientif they are delayed even for a brief moment． At first，this may seemunfriendly to you．But drivers will rush you；storekeepers will bein a hurry as they serve you；people will push past you as they walk along the street．You willmiss smiles，brief conversations with people as you shop or dine away from home．Do not thinkthat because Americans are in such a hurry they are unfriendly．Often，life is muchslower outside the big cities，as is true in other countries as well． Americans who live in cities such as New York，Chicago，or LosAngeles，often think that everyone is equally in a hurry to get things done；they expectothers to "push back"，just as city people do in Tokyo，Singapore or Paris，for example．But whenthey discover that you are a stranger，most Americans becomequite kindly and will take great care to help you．Many of them firstcame to the city as strangers and they remember how frightening a new city canbe．If you need help or want to ask a question，choose afriendly looking person and say，"I am a stranger here．Can you help me？" Most people will stop，smile at you，and help youfind you way or answer your questions．But you must letthem know that you need help．Otherwise they are likely to pass you by，not noticingthat you are new to the city and in need of help．Occasionally，you may findsomeone too busy or perhaps too rushed to give you aid．If thishappens，do not be discouraged；just ask someone else．Most Americans enjoy helping a stranger． 1. Many people who first visitthe United States will find that _____． A. America is a highly developedcountry B. American city people seem tobe always in a rush C. the fast pace in American lifeoften causes much trouble D. Americans are impatient andunfriendly people 2. When the author says "You will miss smile"，he means_____． A. you will fail to notice thatAmericans are pleasant and happy B. you will be puzzled whyAmericans do not smile at you C. you will feel that Americansdo not seem very friendly D. you will find that Americansdon't have much sense of humor 3. In the author's opinion，_____． A. it is true that life in NewYork is much faster than that in any other city B. people living outside bigcities are lazy and miserable C. most American people enjoyliving in the suburbs of big cities D. those who are busy are notnecessarily unfriendly 4. The author mentions big cities such as Tokyo，Singaporeand Paris _____． A. to show that city people allover the world have a lot in common B. to let his readers be awarethat they are some of the world's biggest cities C. to illustrate their differencefrom American cities D. because they are some of thecities that attract visitors most 5. If you say to an American that you are a stranger there，mostprobably be will _____． A. offer his help B. stop smiling at you C. help you find the way D. reply that he is pleased tomeet you 答案： BCDAA
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